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A single-center experience of 13 Iranian children with lupus nephritis and pericarditis.

Int Urol Nephrol. 2008 Nov 28;

Authors: Beiraghdar F, Maddani A, Esfahani T, Taheri S, Panahi Y, Nemati E, Einollahi B

PMID: 19039675 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Thiol Antioxidants Regulate Angiotensin II AT1 and Arginine Vasopressin V1 Receptor Functions Differently in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Am J Hypertens. 2008 Nov 27;

Authors: Ullian ME, Beck CN, Walker LP, Fitzgibbon WR, Morinelli TA

BackgroundWe compared the effects of the sulfhydryl-containing (thiol) antioxidant dithiothreitol (DTT), which disrupts disulfide bonds, on cell signaling through angiotensin II (AngII) Type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) V1 receptors (V1Rs). The AT1R contains two extracellular disulfides bonds but its ligand contains none, whereas the V1R contains no extracellular disufides bonds but its ligand contains 1.MethodsWe measured radioligand binding, intracellular calcium responses, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and alterations in urine osmolality in intact rats.ResultsPreincubation of cells with DTT, a maneuver designed to target receptor disulfides, resulted in concentration-dependent decreases in specific (125)I-AngII binding to AT1Rs and acute angiotensin-stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization but no decreases in specific (125)I-AVP binding to V1Rs or AVP-stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization. In contrast, preincubation of the ligands with DTT followed by acute exposure to the cells, a maneuver designed to target ligand disulfides, blunted calcium mobilization to AVP robustly but to AngII only minimally. In intact rats, the increase in urine osmolality caused by subcutaneous injection with the AVP analogue desmopressin was significantly diminished when the analogue was preincubated with an excess of DTT.ConclusionDTT inhibits cell signaling to AngII AT1Rs and AVP V1Rs, at least in part through disruption of disulfide linkages, but the pattern of response depends upon whether disulfides of ligand or receptor are targeted.American Journal of Hypertension (2008). doi 10.1038/ajh.2008.323American Journal of Hypertension (2008). doi 10.1038/ajh.2008.323.

PMID: 19039312 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients on Conventional and Short Daily Hemodialysis.

Am J Nephrol. 2008 Nov 28;29(6):493-500

Authors: Elias RM, Castro MC, de Queiroz EL, Abensur H, Romão-Junior JE, Lorenzi-Filho G

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. However, the factors associated with the origin of OSA as well as the cardiovascular consequences in this population are not completely understood. We evaluated, by standard overnight polysomnography, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and echocardiography in 30 patients (14 males, age 34 +/- 11 years, BMI 23.2 +/- 5.2) - 15 on short daily hemodialysis (SDH) and 15 matched patients on conventional hemodialysis (CHD). The hemodialysis dose (standard Kt/V) was higher in patients on SDH than on CHD (p = 0.001). OSA (apnea-hypopnea index >5 events/h) was present in 13 patients (43%). Patients with OSA were predominantly males (77 vs. 44%), presented a higher BMI (25.5 +/- 6.2 vs. 21.5 +/- 3.6), a larger neck circumference (38 +/- 1 vs. 34 +/- 1 cm) and a lower Kt/V (2.6 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.2 +/- 0.1) than patients with no OSA (p < 0.05). Neck circumference and lower Kt/V were independently associated with OSA on multivariate analysis. No patient with Kt/V >2.5 (n = 10) presented OSA. On the other hand, hypertensive patients with OSA needed more BP control pills (p = 0.03). Despite similar BP control, patients with OSA presented a higher interventricular septum thickness (11.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 9.9 +/- 0.3 mm; p = 0.011). In conclusion, among patients on maintenance hemodialysis, the traditional risk factors for OSA are present and interact with hemodialysis efficiency. Among these patients, OSA is associated with difficult BP control and heart remodeling suggesting that OSA may contribute to poor cardiovascular outcome.

PMID: 19039211 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

Low catechol-O-methyltransferase and 2-methoxyestradiol in preeclampsia: more than a unifying hypothesis.

Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Nov 27;

Authors: Dragun D, Haase-Fielitz A

PMID: 19039028 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]